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An Unusual Case of Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome on a Stable Dose of Antipsychotic
- Emily Sanger, Benjamin Rutt, David Hall, Harry Foster, Owen Obasohan
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- Journal:
- BJPsych Open / Volume 9 / Issue S1 / July 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 07 July 2023, p. S128
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Aims
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS) is a rare, life-threatening complication of antipsychotic medication. There are no gold standard tests to diagnose NMS, however various diagnostic criteria have been suggested. NMS is typically reported in patients who have recently commenced an antipsychotic or had a change in dose. This case report describes an elderly female who developed NMS after being treated with the same dose of antipsychotic for 7 years. We aimed to establish whether similar cases are commonly reported, and what the key learning outcomes are.
MethodsThis case presents an 82-year-old female taking the same dose of zuclopenthixol for 7 years. She was admitted with increased confusion and was initially prescribed antibiotics for a possible infection. She later became pyrexial and developed hypertonia, at which point NMS was suspected. Her creatinine kinase titre was significantly elevated, and her antipsychotic was discontinued. A potential trigger was a significant rectal bleed occurring a few weeks prior with no other obvious triggers noted. She was switched to quetiapine but developed NMS again when this dose was increased.
ResultsThere are few reports of NMS occurring in patients taking a long-term and stable antipsychotic dose. One case describes NMS developing after 30 years on Clozapine with no clear trigger. Another reports NMS after 7 years on Olanzapine, however this was triggered by dehydration. This case is an example of NMS in an elderly patient with a complex medical history who was initially misdiagnosed with sepsis before NMS was suspected. This shows the importance of considering NMS not only in those who have recently commenced antipsychotics or recently changed dose, but also those who have been stable on medication for a number of years. In suspected NMS, we should aim to stop relevant medication immediately and commence conservative management. It is important to highlight these atypical presentations so that NMS can be recognised without delaying treatment, thereby reducing mortality and improving patient outcomes
ConclusionThis report highlights the importance of considering NMS in patients who have been prescribed the same dose of antipsychotic for an extended period. Awareness of potential risk factors such as medical comorbidity that may trigger an episode of NMS even in those on established antipsychotic treatment is vital. Symptoms may mimic infection and it is important to raise awareness of atypical presentations to effectively identify, and treat, NMS earlier to improve outcomes.
Stratifying risk of malignancy in cystic lateral neck lumps: a multivariant analysis of demographic, radiological and histological investigation factors and the development of a patient-centred risk-predictive tool for malignancy
- Victoria Evans, Eduard Prades, Carl Passant, David Owens, Andrew Harris
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- Journal:
- The Journal of Laryngology & Otology / Volume 138 / Issue 1 / January 2024
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 23 May 2023, pp. 99-104
- Print publication:
- January 2024
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Background
Management of lateral cystic neck masses with no apparent upper aerodigestive tract primary tumour in adults is controversial. Imaging modalities and fine needle aspiration cytology often struggle to distinguish the presence of malignancy.
MethodThis study entailed a multicentre retrospective review of all patients with isolated lateral cystic neck masses from 2012 to 2018 in three Welsh health boards, utilising demographic data and first-line investigations (ultrasound scanning and fine needle aspiration cytology) to develop an evidence-based predictive tool for risk of malignancy.
ResultsIt was found that 29.1 per cent of cystic lesions were malignant on final histology. Age, male gender, non-benign ultrasound scan findings and fine needle aspiration cytology were significant risk factors on univariate analysis. The final multivariate analysis predicted a risk of malignancy ranging from 2.1 to 65.0 per cent depending on the covariate pattern. Smoking status was non-significant.
ConclusionA rigorous, risk-stratified approach to the management of these patients should aid the clinician in minimising morbidity and optimising resources.
Imaging and Molecular Annotation of Xenographs and Tumours (IMAXT): High throughput data and analysis infrastructure
- Eduardo A. González-Solares, Ali Dariush, Carlos González-Fernández, Aybüke Küpcü Yoldaş, Alireza Molaeinezhad, Mohammad Al Sa’d, Leigh Smith, Tristan Whitmarsh, Neil Millar, Nicholas Chornay, Ilaria Falciatori, Atefeh Fatemi, Daniel Goodwin, Laura Kuett, Claire M. Mulvey, Marta Páez Ribes, Fatime Qosaj, Andrew Roth, Ignacio Vázquez-García, Spencer S. Watson, Jonas Windhager, Samuel Aparicio, Bernd Bodenmiller, Ed Boyden, Carlos Caldas, Owen Harris, Sohrab P. Shah, Simon Tavaré, CRUK IMAXT Grand Challenge Team, Dario Bressan, Gregory J. Hannon, Nicholas A. Walton
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- Journal:
- Biological Imaging / Volume 3 / 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 14 April 2023, e11
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With the aim of producing a 3D representation of tumors, imaging and molecular annotation of xenografts and tumors (IMAXT) uses a large variety of modalities in order to acquire tumor samples and produce a map of every cell in the tumor and its host environment. With the large volume and variety of data produced in the project, we developed automatic data workflows and analysis pipelines. We introduce a research methodology where scientists connect to a cloud environment to perform analysis close to where data are located, instead of bringing data to their local computers. Here, we present the data and analysis infrastructure, discuss the unique computational challenges and describe the analysis chains developed and deployed to generate molecularly annotated tumor models. Registration is achieved by use of a novel technique involving spherical fiducial marks that are visible in all imaging modalities used within IMAXT. The automatic pipelines are highly optimized and allow to obtain processed datasets several times quicker than current solutions narrowing the gap between data acquisition and scientific exploitation.
Evaluation of a complex intervention for prisoners with common mental health problems, near to and after release: the Engager randomised controlled trial
- Richard Byng, Tim Kirkpatrick, Charlotte Lennox, Fiona C. Warren, Rob Anderson, Sarah Louise Brand, Lynne Callaghan, Lauren Carroll, Graham Durcan, Laura Gill, Sara Goodier, Jonathan Graham, Rebecca Greer, Mark Haddad, Tirril Harris, William Henley, Rachael Hunter, Sarah Leonard, Mike Maguire, Susan Michie, Christabel Owens, Mark Pearson, Cath Quinn, Sarah Rybczynska-Bunt, Caroline Stevenson, Amy Stewart, Alex Stirzaker, Roxanne Todd, Florian Walter, Lauren Weston, Nat Wright, Rod S. Taylor, Jenny Shaw
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- Journal:
- The British Journal of Psychiatry / Volume 222 / Issue 1 / January 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 18 August 2022, pp. 18-26
- Print publication:
- January 2023
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Background
Many male prisoners have significant mental health problems, including anxiety and depression. High proportions struggle with homelessness and substance misuse.
AimsThis study aims to evaluate whether the Engager intervention improves mental health outcomes following release.
MethodThe design is a parallel randomised superiority trial that was conducted in the North West and South West of England (ISRCTN11707331). Men serving a prison sentence of 2 years or less were individually allocated 1:1 to either the intervention (Engager plus usual care) or usual care alone. Engager included psychological and practical support in prison, on release and for 3–5 months in the community. The primary outcome was the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation Outcome Measure (CORE-OM), 6 months after release. Primary analysis compared groups based on intention-to-treat (ITT).
ResultsIn total, 280 men were randomised out of the 396 who were potentially eligible and agreed to participate; 105 did not meet the mental health inclusion criteria. There was no mean difference in the ITT complete case analysis between groups (92 in each arm) for change in the CORE-OM score (1.1, 95% CI –1.1 to 3.2, P = 0.325) or secondary analyses. There were no consistent clinically significant between-group differences for secondary outcomes. Full delivery was not achieved, with 77% (108/140) receiving community-based contact.
ConclusionsEngager is the first trial of a collaborative care intervention adapted for prison leavers. The intervention was not shown to be effective using standard outcome measures. Further testing of different support strategies for prison with mental health problems is needed.
Microbial lactate utilisation and the stability of the gut microbiome
- Petra Louis, Sylvia Helen Duncan, Paul Owen Sheridan, Alan William Walker, Harry James Flint
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- Journal:
- Gut Microbiome / Volume 3 / 2022
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 04 May 2022, e3
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The human large intestinal microbiota thrives on dietary carbohydrates that are converted to a range of fermentation products. Short-chain fatty acids (acetate, propionate and butyrate) are the dominant fermentation acids that accumulate to high concentrations in the colon and they have health-promoting effects on the host. Although many gut microbes can also produce lactate, it usually does not accumulate in the healthy gut lumen. This appears largely to be due to the presence of a relatively small number of gut microbes that can utilise lactate and convert it to propionate, butyrate or acetate. There is increasing evidence that these microbes play important roles in maintaining a healthy gut environment. In this review, we will provide an overview of the different microbes involved in lactate metabolism within the gut microbiota, including biochemical pathways utilised and their underlying energetics, as well as regulation of the corresponding genes. We will further discuss the potential consequences of perturbation of the microbiota leading to lactate accumulation in the gut and associated disease states and how lactate-utilising bacteria may be employed to treat such diseases.
Cognitive trait and state markers in subjects at genetic high risk
- S.M. Lawrie, J. Harris, D.C.G. Owens, E.C. Johnstone
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 22 / Issue S1 / March 2007
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 16 April 2020, p. S19
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Background
Prospective studies of young individuals at high genetic risk of schizophrenia allow investigation of whether any neurodevelopmental abnormalities usefully predict the development of the disorder.
Method163 high risk subjects with an initial mean age of 21 years were recruited as they had at least two relatives with schizophrenia. Together with 36 control subjects, they were examined at baseline (with developmental, clinical, neuropsychological and structural/functional MRI measures) and at 18 month intervals thereafter. Comparisons were made between those who developed schizophrenia, well controls, a well high risk group and those of the high risk sample with partial or isolated psychotic symptoms.
Results21 high risk subjects developed schizophrenia within an average time of two and a half years. A much larger number have shown isolated or partial psychotic symptoms and the whole high risk sample differed from controls on several variables. Those who developed schizophrenia differed from those with psychotic symptoms who did not on several measures including: interview and self-report measures of schizotypy, the AVLT1-5, and fMRI-BOLD responses on three separate tasks.
ConclusionsSchizophrenia is a disorder which has its origins very early in life, but develops over years. Its mode of inheritance affects many more individuals than will develop the illness and partial impairment can be found in them. Highly significant predictors of the development of schizophrenia are detectable years before onset.
Cognitive performance and functional outcomes of carriers of pathogenic copy number variants: analysis of the UK Biobank
- Kimberley M. Kendall, Matthew Bracher-Smith, Harry Fitzpatrick, Amy Lynham, Elliott Rees, Valentina Escott-Price, Michael J. Owen, Michael C. O'Donovan, James T.R. Walters, George Kirov
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- Journal:
- The British Journal of Psychiatry / Volume 214 / Issue 5 / May 2019
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 February 2019, pp. 297-304
- Print publication:
- May 2019
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Background
Rare copy number variants (CNVs) are associated with risk of neurodevelopmental disorders characterised by varying degrees of cognitive impairment, including schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability. However, the effects of many individual CNVs in carriers without neurodevelopmental disorders are not yet fully understood, and little is known about the effects of reciprocal copy number changes of known pathogenic loci.
AimsWe aimed to analyse the effect of CNV carrier status on cognitive performance and measures of occupational and social outcomes in unaffected individuals from the UK Biobank.
MethodWe called CNVs in the full UK Biobank sample and analysed data from 420 247 individuals who passed CNV quality control, reported White British or Irish ancestry and were not diagnosed with neurodevelopmental disorders. We analysed 33 pathogenic CNVs, including their reciprocal deletions/duplications, for association with seven cognitive tests and four general measures of functioning: academic qualifications, occupation, household income and Townsend Deprivation Index.
ResultsMost CNVs (24 out of 33) were associated with reduced performance on at least one cognitive test or measure of functioning. The changes on the cognitive tests were modest (average reduction of 0.13 s.d.) but varied markedly between CNVs. All 12 schizophrenia-associated CNVs were associated with significant impairments on measures of functioning.
ConclusionsCNVs implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders, including schizophrenia, are associated with cognitive deficits, even among unaffected individuals. These deficits may be subtle but CNV carriers have significant disadvantages in educational attainment and ability to earn income in adult life.
Declaration of interestNone.
seven - Disability and employment in the United States: the intersection of healthcare reform and welfare-to-work policy
- Edited by Chris Grover, Lancaster University, Linda Piggott, Lancaster University
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- Book:
- Disabled People, Work and Welfare
- Published by:
- Bristol University Press
- Published online:
- 11 March 2022
- Print publication:
- 01 July 2015, pp 127-144
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Summary
Introduction
Over recent decades, there have been significant policy changes to address the low employment rate of disabled people in the United States (US).1 As with other liberal welfare states, such changes have been driven by government concerns with rapidly increasing expenditures on income support programmes. Concurrently, there has been increased recognition of the rights of disabled people. In attempts to reconcile these discourses, governments have turned to active social policies, encompassing the idea that rights come with responsibilities, in order to ‘activate’ people receiving various benefits and encourage labour market participation (Sainsbury, 2001; Humpage, 2007; Parker Harris et al, 2012). The right to access social security and social programmes has been replaced with the obligation to work and earn income as individuals are expected to meet their own needs (Gilbert, 2009). For disabled people in the US, the welfare-to-work agenda is a voluntary programme known as Ticket to Work (TTW). The voluntary nature of this programme is unique among liberal welfare states, which have typically introduced harsher reforms to welfare programmes for disabled people. In the US, disabled people have typically been treated as ‘deserving’ of welfare assistance. Moreover, healthcare coverage in the US has historically been tied to participation in the labour market (National Council on Disability, 2008). Many disabled people are forced to choose between employment in the labour market or the receipt of benefits, including healthcare, but having a low standard of living.
In 2010, the US adopted the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, commonly called the Affordable Care Act (ACA), which expanded access to healthcare services within the Medicaid programme and private insurance companies. The ACA has the potential to positively impact TTW to enable disabled people to participate in the labour market, and receive rights typically afforded on the basis of social citizenship. However, as argued in this chapter, there are several inherent flaws in the ACA's policy framework that limit its impact for disabled people.
Below, we describe the policy context in the US, focusing on neoliberal and rights discourses and their role in active citizenship. We analyse how these discourses have been applied in policy rhetoric of welfare and healthcare reform specific to the TTW and ACA. Finally, the interconnected impact of these reforms is explored, with emphasis placed on neoliberalism and rights within these reforms.
Determinants of Tuberculosis Infection Control–Related Behaviors Among Healthcare Workers in the Country of Georgia
- Veriko Mirtskhulava, Jennifer A. Whitaker, Maia Kipiani, Drew A. Harris, Nino Tabagari, Ashli A. Owen-Smith, Russell R. Kempker, Henry M. Blumberg
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- Journal:
- Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology / Volume 36 / Issue 5 / May 2015
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 04 February 2015, pp. 522-528
- Print publication:
- May 2015
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OBJECTIVE
To better understand tuberculosis (TB) infection control (IC) in healthcare facilities (HCFs) in Georgia.
DESIGNA cross-sectional evaluation of healthcare worker (HCW) knowledge, beliefs and behaviors toward TB IC measures including latent TB infection (LTBI) screening and treatment of HCWs.
SETTINGGeorgia, a high-burden multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) country.
PARTICIPANTSHCWs from the National TB Program and affiliated HCFs.
METHODSAn anonymous self-administered 55-question survey developed based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) conceptual framework.
RESULTSIn total, 240 HCWs (48% physicians; 39% nurses) completed the survey. The overall average TB knowledge score was 61%. Only 60% of HCWs reported frequent use of respirators when in contact with TB patients. Only 52% of HCWs were willing to undergo annual LTBI screening; 48% were willing to undergo LTBI treatment. In multivariate analysis, HCWs who worried about acquiring MDR-TB infection (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.28–2.25), who thought screening contacts of TB cases is important (aOR, 3.4; 95% CI, 1.35–8.65), and who were physicians (aOR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.08–2.60) were more likely to accept annual LTBI screening. With regard to LTBI treatment, HCWs who worked in an outpatient TB facility (aOR, 0.3; 95% CI, 0.11–0.58) or perceived a high personal risk of TB reinfection (aOR, 0.5; 95% CI, 0.37–0.64) were less likely to accept LTBI treatment.
CONCLUSIONThe concern about TB reinfection is a major barrier to HCW acceptance of LTBI treatment. TB IC measures must be strengthened in parallel with or prior to the introduction of LTBI screening and treatment of HCWs.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2015;00(0): 1–7
Notes on contributors
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- By James Eli Adams, Joseph Bristow, Oliver S. Buckton, Barbara Caine, Richard Cave, David Clifford, Harry Cocks, Matt Cook, Joseph Donohue, Richard Dorment, Sos Eltis, Helen Freshwater, Josephine M. Guy, Ellis Hanson, Merlin Holland, Russell Jackson, Jarlath Killeen, Leon Litvack, Ruth Livesey, Jerusha McCormack, Michèle Mendelssohn, Susan Owens, Kerry Powell, Steven Price, Peter Raby, Mark Ravenhill, John Paul Riquelme, Anthony Roche, Sean Ryder, Jan-Melissa Schramm, Ian Small, Philip E. Smith, Margaret D. Stetz, John Stokes, Mark W. Turner, Lynn Voskuil, Marcus Waithe
- Edited by Kerry Powell, Miami University, Peter Raby, Homerton College, Cambridge
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- Book:
- Oscar Wilde in Context
- Published online:
- 18 December 2013
- Print publication:
- 12 December 2013, pp xvi-xxii
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- By Rose Teteki Abbey, K. C. Abraham, David Tuesday Adamo, LeRoy H. Aden, Efrain Agosto, Victor Aguilan, Gillian T. W. Ahlgren, Charanjit Kaur AjitSingh, Dorothy B E A Akoto, Giuseppe Alberigo, Daniel E. Albrecht, Ruth Albrecht, Daniel O. Aleshire, Urs Altermatt, Anand Amaladass, Michael Amaladoss, James N. Amanze, Lesley G. Anderson, Thomas C. Anderson, Victor Anderson, Hope S. Antone, María Pilar Aquino, Paula Arai, Victorio Araya Guillén, S. Wesley Ariarajah, Ellen T. Armour, Brett Gregory Armstrong, Atsuhiro Asano, Naim Stifan Ateek, Mahmoud Ayoub, John Alembillah Azumah, Mercedes L. García Bachmann, Irena Backus, J. Wayne Baker, Mieke Bal, Lewis V. Baldwin, William Barbieri, António Barbosa da Silva, David Basinger, Bolaji Olukemi Bateye, Oswald Bayer, Daniel H. Bays, Rosalie Beck, Nancy Elizabeth Bedford, Guy-Thomas Bedouelle, Chorbishop Seely Beggiani, Wolfgang Behringer, Christopher M. Bellitto, Byard Bennett, Harold V. Bennett, Teresa Berger, Miguel A. Bernad, Henley Bernard, Alan E. Bernstein, Jon L. Berquist, Johannes Beutler, Ana María Bidegain, Matthew P. Binkewicz, Jennifer Bird, Joseph Blenkinsopp, Dmytro Bondarenko, Paulo Bonfatti, Riet en Pim Bons-Storm, Jessica A. Boon, Marcus J. Borg, Mark Bosco, Peter C. Bouteneff, François Bovon, William D. Bowman, Paul S. Boyer, David Brakke, Richard E. Brantley, Marcus Braybrooke, Ian Breward, Ênio José da Costa Brito, Jewel Spears Brooker, Johannes Brosseder, Nicholas Canfield Read Brown, Robert F. Brown, Pamela K. Brubaker, Walter Brueggemann, Bishop Colin O. Buchanan, Stanley M. Burgess, Amy Nelson Burnett, J. Patout Burns, David B. Burrell, David Buttrick, James P. Byrd, Lavinia Byrne, Gerado Caetano, Marcos Caldas, Alkiviadis Calivas, William J. Callahan, Salvatore Calomino, Euan K. Cameron, William S. Campbell, Marcelo Ayres Camurça, Daniel F. Caner, Paul E. Capetz, Carlos F. Cardoza-Orlandi, Patrick W. Carey, Barbara Carvill, Hal Cauthron, Subhadra Mitra Channa, Mark D. Chapman, James H. Charlesworth, Kenneth R. Chase, Chen Zemin, Luciano Chianeque, Philip Chia Phin Yin, Francisca H. Chimhanda, Daniel Chiquete, John T. Chirban, Soobin Choi, Robert Choquette, Mita Choudhury, Gerald Christianson, John Chryssavgis, Sejong Chun, Esther Chung-Kim, Charles M. A. Clark, Elizabeth A. Clark, Sathianathan Clarke, Fred Cloud, John B. Cobb, W. Owen Cole, John A Coleman, John J. Collins, Sylvia Collins-Mayo, Paul K. Conkin, Beth A. Conklin, Sean Connolly, Demetrios J. Constantelos, Michael A. Conway, Paula M. Cooey, Austin Cooper, Michael L. Cooper-White, Pamela Cooper-White, L. William Countryman, Sérgio Coutinho, Pamela Couture, Shannon Craigo-Snell, James L. Crenshaw, David Crowner, Humberto Horacio Cucchetti, Lawrence S. Cunningham, Elizabeth Mason Currier, Emmanuel Cutrone, Mary L. Daniel, David D. Daniels, Robert Darden, Rolf Darge, Isaiah Dau, Jeffry C. Davis, Jane Dawson, Valentin Dedji, John W. de Gruchy, Paul DeHart, Wendy J. Deichmann Edwards, Miguel A. De La Torre, George E. Demacopoulos, Thomas de Mayo, Leah DeVun, Beatriz de Vasconcellos Dias, Dennis C. Dickerson, John M. Dillon, Luis Miguel Donatello, Igor Dorfmann-Lazarev, Susanna Drake, Jonathan A. Draper, N. Dreher Martin, Otto Dreydoppel, Angelyn Dries, A. J. Droge, Francis X. D'Sa, Marilyn Dunn, Nicole Wilkinson Duran, Rifaat Ebied, Mark J. Edwards, William H. Edwards, Leonard H. Ehrlich, Nancy L. Eiesland, Martin Elbel, J. Harold Ellens, Stephen Ellingson, Marvin M. Ellison, Robert Ellsberg, Jean Bethke Elshtain, Eldon Jay Epp, Peter C. Erb, Tassilo Erhardt, Maria Erling, Noel Leo Erskine, Gillian R. Evans, Virginia Fabella, Michael A. Fahey, Edward Farley, Margaret A. Farley, Wendy Farley, Robert Fastiggi, Seena Fazel, Duncan S. Ferguson, Helwar Figueroa, Paul Corby Finney, Kyriaki Karidoyanes FitzGerald, Thomas E. FitzGerald, John R. Fitzmier, Marie Therese Flanagan, Sabina Flanagan, Claude Flipo, Ronald B. Flowers, Carole Fontaine, David Ford, Mary Ford, Stephanie A. Ford, Jim Forest, William Franke, Robert M. Franklin, Ruth Franzén, Edward H. Friedman, Samuel Frouisou, Lorelei F. Fuchs, Jojo M. Fung, Inger Furseth, Richard R. Gaillardetz, Brandon Gallaher, China Galland, Mark Galli, Ismael García, Tharscisse Gatwa, Jean-Marie Gaudeul, Luis María Gavilanes del Castillo, Pavel L. Gavrilyuk, Volney P. Gay, Metropolitan Athanasios Geevargis, Kondothra M. George, Mary Gerhart, Simon Gikandi, Maurice Gilbert, Michael J. Gillgannon, Verónica Giménez Beliveau, Terryl Givens, Beth Glazier-McDonald, Philip Gleason, Menghun Goh, Brian Golding, Bishop Hilario M. Gomez, Michelle A. Gonzalez, Donald K. Gorrell, Roy Gottfried, Tamara Grdzelidze, Joel B. Green, Niels Henrik Gregersen, Cristina Grenholm, Herbert Griffiths, Eric W. Gritsch, Erich S. Gruen, Christoffer H. Grundmann, Paul H. Gundani, Jon P. Gunnemann, Petre Guran, Vidar L. Haanes, Jeremiah M. Hackett, Getatchew Haile, Douglas John Hall, Nicholas Hammond, Daphne Hampson, Jehu J. Hanciles, Barry Hankins, Jennifer Haraguchi, Stanley S. Harakas, Anthony John Harding, Conrad L. Harkins, J. William Harmless, Marjory Harper, Amir Harrak, Joel F. Harrington, Mark W. Harris, Susan Ashbrook Harvey, Van A. Harvey, R. Chris Hassel, Jione Havea, Daniel Hawk, Diana L. Hayes, Leslie Hayes, Priscilla Hayner, S. Mark Heim, Simo Heininen, Richard P. Heitzenrater, Eila Helander, David Hempton, Scott H. Hendrix, Jan-Olav Henriksen, Gina Hens-Piazza, Carter Heyward, Nicholas J. Higham, David Hilliard, Norman A. Hjelm, Peter C. Hodgson, Arthur Holder, M. Jan Holton, Dwight N. Hopkins, Ronnie Po-chia Hsia, Po-Ho Huang, James Hudnut-Beumler, Jennifer S. Hughes, Leonard M. Hummel, Mary E. Hunt, Laennec Hurbon, Mark Hutchinson, Susan E. Hylen, Mary Beth Ingham, H. Larry Ingle, Dale T. Irvin, Jon Isaak, Paul John Isaak, Ada María Isasi-Díaz, Hans Raun Iversen, Margaret C. Jacob, Arthur James, Maria Jansdotter-Samuelsson, David Jasper, Werner G. Jeanrond, Renée Jeffery, David Lyle Jeffrey, Theodore W. Jennings, David H. Jensen, Robin Margaret Jensen, David Jobling, Dale A. Johnson, Elizabeth A. Johnson, Maxwell E. Johnson, Sarah Johnson, Mark D. Johnston, F. Stanley Jones, James William Jones, John R. Jones, Alissa Jones Nelson, Inge Jonsson, Jan Joosten, Elizabeth Judd, Mulambya Peggy Kabonde, Robert Kaggwa, Sylvester Kahakwa, Isaac Kalimi, Ogbu U. Kalu, Eunice Kamaara, Wayne C. Kannaday, Musimbi Kanyoro, Veli-Matti Kärkkäinen, Frank Kaufmann, Léon Nguapitshi Kayongo, Richard Kearney, Alice A. Keefe, Ralph Keen, Catherine Keller, Anthony J. Kelly, Karen Kennelly, Kathi Lynn Kern, Fergus Kerr, Edward Kessler, George Kilcourse, Heup Young Kim, Kim Sung-Hae, Kim Yong-Bock, Kim Yung Suk, Richard King, Thomas M. King, Robert M. Kingdon, Ross Kinsler, Hans G. Kippenberg, Cheryl A. Kirk-Duggan, Clifton Kirkpatrick, Leonid Kishkovsky, Nadieszda Kizenko, Jeffrey Klaiber, Hans-Josef Klauck, Sidney Knight, Samuel Kobia, Robert Kolb, Karla Ann Koll, Heikki Kotila, Donald Kraybill, Philip D. W. Krey, Yves Krumenacker, Jeffrey Kah-Jin Kuan, Simanga R. Kumalo, Peter Kuzmic, Simon Shui-Man Kwan, Kwok Pui-lan, André LaCocque, Stephen E. Lahey, John Tsz Pang Lai, Emiel Lamberts, Armando Lampe, Craig Lampe, Beverly J. Lanzetta, Eve LaPlante, Lizette Larson-Miller, Ariel Bybee Laughton, Leonard Lawlor, Bentley Layton, Robin A. Leaver, Karen Lebacqz, Archie Chi Chung Lee, Marilyn J. Legge, Hervé LeGrand, D. L. LeMahieu, Raymond Lemieux, Bill J. Leonard, Ellen M. Leonard, Outi Leppä, Jean Lesaulnier, Nantawan Boonprasat Lewis, Henrietta Leyser, Alexei Lidov, Bernard Lightman, Paul Chang-Ha Lim, Carter Lindberg, Mark R. Lindsay, James R. Linville, James C. Livingston, Ann Loades, David Loades, Jean-Claude Loba-Mkole, Lo Lung Kwong, Wati Longchar, Eleazar López, David W. Lotz, Andrew Louth, Robin W. Lovin, William Luis, Frank D. Macchia, Diarmaid N. J. MacCulloch, Kirk R. MacGregor, Marjory A. MacLean, Donald MacLeod, Tomas S. Maddela, Inge Mager, Laurenti Magesa, David G. Maillu, Fortunato Mallimaci, Philip Mamalakis, Kä Mana, Ukachukwu Chris Manus, Herbert Robinson Marbury, Reuel Norman Marigza, Jacqueline Mariña, Antti Marjanen, Luiz C. L. Marques, Madipoane Masenya (ngwan'a Mphahlele), Caleb J. D. Maskell, Steve Mason, Thomas Massaro, Fernando Matamoros Ponce, András Máté-Tóth, Odair Pedroso Mateus, Dinis Matsolo, Fumitaka Matsuoka, John D'Arcy May, Yelena Mazour-Matusevich, Theodore Mbazumutima, John S. McClure, Christian McConnell, Lee Martin McDonald, Gary B. McGee, Thomas McGowan, Alister E. McGrath, Richard J. McGregor, John A. McGuckin, Maud Burnett McInerney, Elsie Anne McKee, Mary B. McKinley, James F. McMillan, Ernan McMullin, Kathleen E. McVey, M. Douglas Meeks, Monica Jyotsna Melanchthon, Ilie Melniciuc-Puica, Everett Mendoza, Raymond A. Mentzer, William W. Menzies, Ina Merdjanova, Franziska Metzger, Constant J. Mews, Marvin Meyer, Carol Meyers, Vasile Mihoc, Gunner Bjerg Mikkelsen, Maria Inêz de Castro Millen, Clyde Lee Miller, Bonnie J. Miller-McLemore, Alexander Mirkovic, Paul Misner, Nozomu Miyahira, R. W. L. Moberly, Gerald Moede, Aloo Osotsi Mojola, Sunanda Mongia, Rebeca Montemayor, James Moore, Roger E. Moore, Craig E. Morrison O.Carm, Jeffry H. Morrison, Keith Morrison, Wilson J. Moses, Tefetso Henry Mothibe, Mokgethi Motlhabi, Fulata Moyo, Henry Mugabe, Jesse Ndwiga Kanyua Mugambi, Peggy Mulambya-Kabonde, Robert Bruce Mullin, Pamela Mullins Reaves, Saskia Murk Jansen, Heleen L. Murre-Van den Berg, Augustine Musopole, Isaac M. T. Mwase, Philomena Mwaura, Cecilia Nahnfeldt, Anne Nasimiyu Wasike, Carmiña Navia Velasco, Thulani Ndlazi, Alexander Negrov, James B. Nelson, David G. Newcombe, Carol Newsom, Helen J. Nicholson, George W. E. Nickelsburg, Tatyana Nikolskaya, Damayanthi M. A. Niles, Bertil Nilsson, Nyambura Njoroge, Fidelis Nkomazana, Mary Beth Norton, Christian Nottmeier, Sonene Nyawo, Anthère Nzabatsinda, Edward T. Oakes, Gerald O'Collins, Daniel O'Connell, David W. Odell-Scott, Mercy Amba Oduyoye, Kathleen O'Grady, Oyeronke Olajubu, Thomas O'Loughlin, Dennis T. Olson, J. Steven O'Malley, Cephas N. Omenyo, Muriel Orevillo-Montenegro, César Augusto Ornellas Ramos, Agbonkhianmeghe E. Orobator, Kenan B. Osborne, Carolyn Osiek, Javier Otaola Montagne, Douglas F. Ottati, Anna May Say Pa, Irina Paert, Jerry G. Pankhurst, Aristotle Papanikolaou, Samuele F. Pardini, Stefano Parenti, Peter Paris, Sung Bae Park, Cristián G. Parker, Raquel Pastor, Joseph Pathrapankal, Daniel Patte, W. Brown Patterson, Clive Pearson, Keith F. Pecklers, Nancy Cardoso Pereira, David Horace Perkins, Pheme Perkins, Edward N. Peters, Rebecca Todd Peters, Bishop Yeznik Petrossian, Raymond Pfister, Peter C. Phan, Isabel Apawo Phiri, William S. F. Pickering, Derrick G. Pitard, William Elvis Plata, Zlatko Plese, John Plummer, James Newton Poling, Ronald Popivchak, Andrew Porter, Ute Possekel, James M. Powell, Enos Das Pradhan, Devadasan Premnath, Jaime Adrían Prieto Valladares, Anne Primavesi, Randall Prior, María Alicia Puente Lutteroth, Eduardo Guzmão Quadros, Albert Rabil, Laurent William Ramambason, Apolonio M. Ranche, Vololona Randriamanantena Andriamitandrina, Lawrence R. Rast, Paul L. Redditt, Adele Reinhartz, Rolf Rendtorff, Pål Repstad, James N. Rhodes, John K. Riches, Joerg Rieger, Sharon H. Ringe, Sandra Rios, Tyler Roberts, David M. Robinson, James M. Robinson, Joanne Maguire Robinson, Richard A. H. Robinson, Roy R. Robson, Jack B. Rogers, Maria Roginska, Sidney Rooy, Rev. Garnett Roper, Maria José Fontelas Rosado-Nunes, Andrew C. Ross, Stefan Rossbach, François Rossier, John D. Roth, John K. Roth, Phillip Rothwell, Richard E. Rubenstein, Rosemary Radford Ruether, Markku Ruotsila, John E. Rybolt, Risto Saarinen, John Saillant, Juan Sanchez, Wagner Lopes Sanchez, Hugo N. Santos, Gerhard Sauter, Gloria L. Schaab, Sandra M. Schneiders, Quentin J. Schultze, Fernando F. Segovia, Turid Karlsen Seim, Carsten Selch Jensen, Alan P. F. Sell, Frank C. Senn, Kent Davis Sensenig, Damían Setton, Bal Krishna Sharma, Carolyn J. Sharp, Thomas Sheehan, N. Gerald Shenk, Christian Sheppard, Charles Sherlock, Tabona Shoko, Walter B. Shurden, Marguerite Shuster, B. Mark Sietsema, Batara Sihombing, Neil Silberman, Clodomiro Siller, Samuel Silva-Gotay, Heikki Silvet, John K. Simmons, Hagith Sivan, James C. Skedros, Abraham Smith, Ashley A. Smith, Ted A. Smith, Daud Soesilo, Pia Søltoft, Choan-Seng (C. S.) Song, Kathryn Spink, Bryan Spinks, Eric O. Springsted, Nicolas Standaert, Brian Stanley, Glen H. Stassen, Karel Steenbrink, Stephen J. Stein, Andrea Sterk, Gregory E. Sterling, Columba Stewart, Jacques Stewart, Robert B. Stewart, Cynthia Stokes Brown, Ken Stone, Anne Stott, Elizabeth Stuart, Monya Stubbs, Marjorie Hewitt Suchocki, David Kwang-sun Suh, Scott W. Sunquist, Keith Suter, Douglas Sweeney, Charles H. Talbert, Shawqi N. Talia, Elsa Tamez, Joseph B. Tamney, Jonathan Y. Tan, Yak-Hwee Tan, Kathryn Tanner, Feiya Tao, Elizabeth S. Tapia, Aquiline Tarimo, Claire Taylor, Mark Lewis Taylor, Bishop Abba Samuel Wolde Tekestebirhan, Eugene TeSelle, M. Thomas Thangaraj, David R. Thomas, Andrew Thornley, Scott Thumma, Marcelo Timotheo da Costa, George E. “Tink” Tinker, Ola Tjørhom, Karen Jo Torjesen, Iain R. Torrance, Fernando Torres-Londoño, Archbishop Demetrios [Trakatellis], Marit Trelstad, Christine Trevett, Phyllis Trible, Johannes Tromp, Paul Turner, Robert G. Tuttle, Archbishop Desmond Tutu, Peter Tyler, Anders Tyrberg, Justin Ukpong, Javier Ulloa, Camillus Umoh, Kristi Upson-Saia, Martina Urban, Monica Uribe, Elochukwu Eugene Uzukwu, Richard Vaggione, Gabriel Vahanian, Paul Valliere, T. J. Van Bavel, Steven Vanderputten, Peter Van der Veer, Huub Van de Sandt, Louis Van Tongeren, Luke A. Veronis, Noel Villalba, Ramón Vinke, Tim Vivian, David Voas, Elena Volkova, Katharina von Kellenbach, Elina Vuola, Timothy Wadkins, Elaine M. Wainwright, Randi Jones Walker, Dewey D. Wallace, Jerry Walls, Michael J. Walsh, Philip Walters, Janet Walton, Jonathan L. Walton, Wang Xiaochao, Patricia A. Ward, David Harrington Watt, Herold D. Weiss, Laurence L. Welborn, Sharon D. Welch, Timothy Wengert, Traci C. West, Merold Westphal, David Wetherell, Barbara Wheeler, Carolinne White, Jean-Paul Wiest, Frans Wijsen, Terry L. Wilder, Felix Wilfred, Rebecca Wilkin, Daniel H. Williams, D. Newell Williams, Michael A. Williams, Vincent L. Wimbush, Gabriele Winkler, Anders Winroth, Lauri Emílio Wirth, James A. Wiseman, Ebba Witt-Brattström, Teofil Wojciechowski, John Wolffe, Kenman L. Wong, Wong Wai Ching, Linda Woodhead, Wendy M. Wright, Rose Wu, Keith E. Yandell, Gale A. Yee, Viktor Yelensky, Yeo Khiok-Khng, Gustav K. K. Yeung, Angela Yiu, Amos Yong, Yong Ting Jin, You Bin, Youhanna Nessim Youssef, Eliana Yunes, Robert Michael Zaller, Valarie H. Ziegler, Barbara Brown Zikmund, Joyce Ann Zimmerman, Aurora Zlotnik, Zhuo Xinping
- Edited by Daniel Patte, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
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- Book:
- The Cambridge Dictionary of Christianity
- Published online:
- 05 August 2012
- Print publication:
- 20 September 2010, pp xi-xliv
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A jar for maintaining parasite-free insects and for collecting infected faeces
- Owen G. Harry
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- Journal:
- Bulletin of Entomological Research / Volume 58 / Issue 4 / May 1969
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 10 July 2009, pp. 833-834
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Locusts and other Orthoptera have been reared free from Gregarine parasites in culture jars made from jam jars. Food can be added easily without the escape of insects. A special feature of the jars is the removable base in which faeces accumulate and from which they can be taken at intervals without exposing the insects to the infective stages of Gregarine parasites.
Platelet serotonin concentration and monoamine oxidase activity in unmedicated chronic schizophrenic and in schizoaffective patients
- Michael H. Joseph, Frank Owen, Harry F. Baker, Rachel C. Bourne
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- Journal:
- Psychological Medicine / Volume 7 / Issue 1 / February 1977
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 09 July 2009, pp. 159-162
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Elevated blood serotonin, perhaps secondary to reduced platelet MAO, has been reported in a group of chronic schizophrenic patients. We have failed to find elevated platelet serotonin, or any relationship between platelet serotonin and MAO either in a group of unmedicated chronic schizophrenic patients or in a group of schizoaffective patients. Possible reasons for these discrepancies are discussed.
The life-cycle, ultrastructure and mode of feeding of the locust amoeba Malpighamoeba locustae
- Owen G. Harry, L. H. Finlayson
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- Journal:
- Parasitology / Volume 72 / Issue 2 / April 1976
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 06 April 2009, pp. 127-135
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The primary trophozoites of Malpighamoeba locustae excyst in the crop and midgut of the Desert Locust (Schistocerca gregaria) and then penetrate the epithelial cells of the midgut and caeca where they grow and multiply slowly. After about 10–12 days they leave the gut epithelium passively when the cells in which they have grown degenerate and are extruded. From the lumen of the gut they make their way into the lumen of the Malpighian tubules where they feed upon the brush border as extracellular parasites. No primary or secondary trophozoites were found in the haemocoele of the host.
During the first few days in the Malpighian tubules the secondary trophozoites undergo a rapid series of divisions which enables them to double their numbers every 24 h so that by day 20–22 the lumen of the tubules is packed with cysts and trophozoites. The trophozoites phagocy-tose small pieces of brush border and numerous food vacuoles are present in their cytoplasm. The cytoplasm of the primary trophozoite contains the normal complement of cell organelles, a notable feature of which are the large, numerous mitochondria with their tubular cristae. When the trophozoites are ready to encyst they round up and begin to lay down a series of membranes which totally cover the trophozoite. Numerous storage granules are found in mature trophozoites which are about to encyst and these may be utilized in cyst wall production.
Studies on infection and reinfection by eugregarines
- Owen G. Harry
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- Journal:
- Parasitology / Volume 63 / Issue 2 / October 1971
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 06 April 2009, pp. 213-223
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Reinfection of the insects Tenebrio molitor and Schistocerca gregaria by the Eugregarines Gregaria polymorpha and G. garnhami respectively is not caused by the retention of the gametocyst and the release of sporocysts inside the gut. The gametocyst has to pass out from the insect gut, dehisce, and the sporocysts have to be ingested in order for reinfection to occur. Thus it is possible to stop reinfection by preventing the host from ingesting sporocysts. The development of spore ducts on the gametocyst of G. garnhami is inhibited if the gametocysts are prevented from leaving the hindgut of the locusts.
I would like to thank Professor L. H. Finlayson for his advice for many helpful discussions.
Specific cognitive deficits in a group at genetic high risk of schizophrenia
- M. O'Connor, J. M. Harris, A. M. McIntosh, D. G. C. Owens, S. M. Lawrie, E. C. Johnstone
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- Journal:
- Psychological Medicine / Volume 39 / Issue 10 / October 2009
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 06 March 2009, pp. 1649-1655
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Background
Neuropsychological deficits in schizophrenia patients and their relatives have been thought to represent possible genetic vulnerability markers or endophenotypes of the disorder. The present study describes results from the Edinburgh High Risk Study of computerized testing using the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) on a group at genetic high risk (HR) of schizophrenia and a control group.
MethodA total of 97 HR and 25 control participants were assessed on three tests from the CANTAB – spatial span, spatial working memory, and Stockings of Cambridge. Analyses of covariance were used to compare the HR and control groups on the main outcome measures whilst controlling for intelligence quotient (IQ). Subsequent analysis examined the effects of the presence of symptoms on group differences.
ResultsHR participants had significantly reduced spatial memory capacity [F(1, 118)=4.06, p=0.046] and significantly reduced planning processing speed [F(1, 116)=4.16, p=0.044] compared with controls even after controlling for general intelligence (IQ). Although HR individuals made more errors and showed poorer problem-solving and strategy performance compared with controls, these differences were not significant after controlling for IQ. Subsequent analysis indicated that the presence or absence of psychotic symptoms in the HR group did not influence these specific cognitive deficits.
ConclusionsSpatial memory capacity and planning processing speed may represent cognitive endophenotypes characterising the genetic predisposition to schizophrenia in this HR group.
Schizotypal cognitions as a predictor of psychopathology in adolescents with mild intellectual impairment
- Eve C. Johnstone, David G. C. Owens, Peter Hoare, Sonia Gaur, Michael D. Spencer, Jonathan Harris, Andrew Stanfield, Vivien Moffat, Norma Brearley, Patrick Miller, Stephen M. Lawrie, Walter J. Muir
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- Journal:
- The British Journal of Psychiatry / Volume 191 / Issue 6 / December 2007
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 02 January 2018, pp. 484-492
- Print publication:
- December 2007
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Background
There is evidence to suggest that among young people with mild intellectual disability there are those whose cognitive difficulties may predict the subsequent manifestation of a schizophrenic phenotype. It is suggested that they may be detectable by simple means.
AimsTo gain adequate cooperation from educational services, parents and students so as to recruit a sufficiently large sample to test the above hypothesis, and to examine the hypothesis in the light of the findings.
MethodThe sample was screened with appropriate instruments, and groups hypothesised as being likely or not likely to have the phenotype were compared in terms of psychopathology and neuropsychology.
ResultsSimple screening methods detect a sample whose psychopathological and neuropsychological profile is consistent with an extended phenotype of schizophrenia.
ConclusionsDifficulties experienced by some young people with mild and borderline intellectual disability are associated with enhanced liability to schizophrenia. Clinical methods can both identify those with this extended phenotype and predict those in whom psychosis will occur.
10 - The Perils of Hegemony
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- By Owen Harries, Senior fellow Center for Independent Studies in Sydney, Australia
- Edited by Gary Rosen
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- Book:
- The Right War?
- Published online:
- 10 August 2009
- Print publication:
- 08 August 2005, pp 73-86
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Summary
Adistinguished analyst of international politics, martin Wight, once laid it down as a fundamental truth of international politics that “Great Power status is lost, as it is won, by violence. A Great Power does not die in its bed.” But 12 years ago, the Soviet Union, a state not exactly averse to violence, confounded all expectations by doing just that. It sickened and quietly expired, without war or bloodshed.
When the communist superpower ceased to exist, it did more than bring the Cold War to an end. It also altered fundamentally the structure of the international political system. For the first time in its history, that system became unipolar. The United States became a global hegemon. While there have often been local or regional hegemonies – the Soviet Union in Eastern Europe, for example, or the United States in the Caribbean, and later in the Atlantic Alliance – there has never before been one that dominated the whole system.
How fundamental a change this is is indicated by the fact that one of the main themes in the history of the state system has been the repeated and determined efforts of alliances of states to prevent any of their number from achieving systemic hegemony, even at the cost of long and bloody wars. Phillip II of Spain in the 16th century, Louis XIV in the 17th and early 18th centuries, Napoleon at the beginning of the 19th century, the Emperor Wilhelm II of Germany and Hitler in the 20th century each tried for domination; all were eventually thwarted.
Equine feeding side preference – incidence and age effect
- S H Bottom, H Owen, R E Lawson, P A Harris, S Hall
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- Journal:
- BSAP Occasional Publication / Volume 32 / 2004
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 27 February 2018, pp. 223-225
- Print publication:
- 2004
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Two choice preference testing is used in animals to determine food preference or taste response (Nicol, 1997). This relies upon selection from a theoretical mean of 0.5, if no preference is shown. The aims of this study were two fold: to measure the incidence of side preference in the horse when given the choice of two identical feeds; and to assess the influence of age on side preference.
18 TB x horses were used in this study. Six horses were allocated to each of the age groups; young (2-4 years), middle (8-14 years) and old (over 16 years). All horses were housed in stables of identical design. 1.5kg DM of basal feed was offered in two containers, positioned left and right, for a ten–minute period over nine days. All spillages were collected and recorded. Intake was calculated as the (amount of feed offered – amount of feed remaining – 0.5x the Spillage).
Influence of estrogen replacement therapy on cardiovascular responses to stress of healthy postmenopausal women
- KAREN A. MATTHEWS, JANINE D. FLORY, JANE F. OWENS, KELLY F. HARRIS, SARAH L. BERGA
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- Journal:
- Psychophysiology / Volume 38 / Issue 3 / May 2001
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 30 April 2001, pp. 391-398
- Print publication:
- May 2001
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Two experiments were conducted to understand the influence of estrogen exposure on cardiovascular responses to acute stress measured by impedance cardiography. Study 1 compared stress responses of 29 postmenopausal women who used postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and 29 who did not use HRT. Women who did not use HRT had higher systolic blood pressure and pulse pressure responses to the tasks relative to HRT users. Study 2 compared stress responses of 38 healthy postmenopausal women not initially on HRT who were randomly assigned to transdermal estradiol or placebo treatment for 6–8 weeks. HRT assignment did not influence substantially women's cardiovascular responses to stress. Characteristics correlated with HRT use, not HRT itself, or differences in type, duration, and dosage may account for the discrepancy in results.